中国中学英语大班教学——英语教师们如何说如何做(英文)Teaching Large Classes in Chinese High Schools: What Do Teachers Say and Do?
古明,王蔷
GU Ming,WANG Qiang
摘要(Abstract):
英语大班教学这一现象是发展中国家的一个常见的现象,中国作为最大的发展中国家,大班教学非常普遍。在过去的二十年中,英语大班教学引起全世界范围内的研究者的持续关注。但是,在中国有关英语大班教学的实证研究相对较少。因此,本研究将采用定量和定性研究相结合的方法调查中国中学英语教师对大班教学的看法以及他们在教学实践中应对大班教学的策略。450多名中学教师参与了本调查,其中的6名教师参与了本研究的半结构化访谈。研究表明:绝大多数(92.6%)的中国中学英语教师对英语大班教学持消极态度,认为在大班教授英语的过程中存在教学问题、教学管理问题以及心理负担沉重等问题。尽管大班教学面临着众多的问题,但是,教师们还是在自己日常教学中探索出一些解决这些问题的策略,并取得一些成功。
Teaching English to large classes is a common phenomenon in developing countries, and China is no exception. Such an issue has attracted attention of many researchers worldwide over the past two decades. However, such research in China has been relatively rare. This paper reports an investigation into teachers' perceptions and practices of teaching English to large classes in Chinese schools. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore teachers' attitude towards their perceived problems regarding teaching English to large classes, and the strategies they used to cope with large classes. Results show that an overwhelming majority of the Chinese English teachers(92.6%) hold a negative attitude towards teaching English in large classes. Pedagogical issues, management-related difficulties and psychological burden emerged as major obstacles. Despite these problems, teachers were seeking strategies to cope with the problems in their daily practices with more or less success.
关键词(KeyWords):
中学英语;大班教学;问题;策略
high school;large classes;problems;strategies
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author):
古明,王蔷
GU Ming,WANG Qiang
参考文献(References):
- Ballantyne,R.,Hughes,K.,&Mylonas,A.(2002).Developing procedures for implementing peer assessment in large classes using an action research process.Assessment&Evaluation in Higher Education,27(5),427-441.
- Bamba,M.(2012).Seeking effective approaches to teaching large classes in the Ivory Coast.Unpublished MA dissertation.Indiana University of Pennsylvania.
- Blatchford,P.(2005).A multi-method approach to the study of school class size differences.International Journal of Social Research Methodology,8(3),195-205.
- Blatchford,P.,Bassett,H.,Goldstein,H.,&Martin,C.(2003).Are class size differences related to pupils’educational progress and classroom processes?British Educational Research Journal,29(5),709-730.
- Blatchford,P.,Moriarty,V.,Edmonds,S.,&Martin,C.(2002).Relationships between class size and teaching:A multi-method analysis of English infant schools.American Educational Research Journal,39(1),101-132.
- Carpenter,J.(2006).Effective teaching methods for large classes.Journal of Family&Consumer Science Education,24(2),13-23.
- Chen,D.,&Tian,J.(2002).Application of input and output theory to improve the effect on English large class.Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,22(4),59-76.
- Darasawang,P.,&Srimavin,W.(2006).Using a lecture and tutorial approach in teaching large classes.KMUTT Journal of Language Education,9,Special Issue:Large Classes,41-49.
- Fortes,P.,&Tchantchane,A.2010.Dealing with large classes:A real challenge.Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,8,272-280.
- Gow,L.,&Kember,D.(1990).Does higher education promote independent learning?Higher Education,19,307-322.
- Hayes,D.(1997).Helping teachers to cope with large classes.ELT Journal,51(2),106-116.
- Heitzman,A.(2001).Discipline and the use of punishment.Education,104,18-20.
- Huang,Q.(2006).Current situation of teaching large EFL classes in universities and its countermeasures.Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University,6(2),59-76.
- Huang,Y.(2008).Research on the effect of discussion methodology in large EFL classes.Journal of Guangdong University of Technology.8(2),28-30.
- Keyuravong,S.,&Maneekhao,K.(2006).Using e-mail consultation in a large class.KMUTTJournal of Language Education,9,Special Issue:Large Classes,50-66.
- Krashen,S.(2003).Explorations in Language Acquisition and Use.Portsmouth:Heinemann.
- Li,J.(2007).Feasibility of collaborative learning in large EFL classes at university level.Journal of Xi’an International Studies University,15(3),91-94.
- Lo Castro,V.(1989).Large size classes:The situation in Japan.Lancaster-Leeds Language Learning in Large Classes Research Project.
- Ministry of Education.(2012).National English Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Education(2011 edition).Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press.
- Mosteller,F.(1995).The Tennessee study of class size in the early school grades.The Future of Children,5(2),113-127.
- O’Sullivan,M.(2006).Teaching large classes:The international evidence and a discussion of some practice in Ugandan primary schools.International Journal of Educational Development,26(1),24-37.
- Pedder,D.(2006).Are small classes better?Understanding relationships between class size,classroom processes and pupils’learning.Oxford Review of Education,32(2),213-234.
- Shamim,F.,Negash,N.,Chuku,C.,&Demewoz,N.(2007).Maximizing learning in large classes:Issues and options.Addis Abbaba:The British Council.Retrieved from http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/ELT-16-screen.pdf.
- Stasz,C.,&Stecher,M.(2000).Teaching mathematics and language arts in reduced size and nonreduced size classrooms.Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis,22(4),313-329.
- Sun,J.2008.Discussion on student-centered interaction in large EFL classes.Foreign Languages and Their Teaching,(2),25-27.
- Todd,R.(2006).Why investigate large classes.KMUTT Journal of Language Education,9,Special Issue:Large Classes,1-12.
- Wang,J.,&Wang,X.(2003).Experimental study on adopting multi-media in large EFL classes.Foreign Language Teaching and Research,35(5),364-372.
- Wang,J.,&Yan,X.(2011).Literature reviews on teaching English to large classes in college in the recent decade years in China.Education Research Monthly,(11),105-106.
- Wang,Q.&Zhang,N.(2011).Teaching Large Classes in China-English as a Foreign Language.Retrieved from http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/al/research/projects/telc/5._wang_qiang_overview_of_china_research_0.pdf.
- Wen,J.(2003).Discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of teaching English in large classes and the application of communicative teaching methodology.Journal of Beijing International Studies University,(6),75-78.
- Xiong,H.(2006).Exploration of adopting Internet-assisted English teaching in large EFL classes.Foreign Languages and Their Teaching,(11),29-31.
- Yang,H.(2008).Problems and remedies of teaching English in large classes.Foreign Languages and Their Teaching,10(1),42-46.
- Yazedjian,A.,&Kolkhorst,B.(2007).Implementing small-group activities in large lecture classes.College Teaching,55(4),164-169.
- Zhang,J.(2002).Investigation and analysis on teaching English in large classes.Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,18(4),92-94.